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Overview Prerequisite Courses Fundamentals of: optics, interference, diffraction polarization, wave-particle duality,
semiconductors and magnetism.
Companion Course
Course Objectives To teach students basic concepts and principles of physics, relate them to laboratory experiments
and their applications
Course Outcomes On completion of the course, learner will be able to–
Develop understanding of interference, diffraction and polarization; connect it to few
engineering applications. Learn basics of lasers and optical fibers and their use in some applications. Understand concepts and principles in quantum mechanics. Relate them to some
applications. Understand theory of semiconductors and their applications in some semiconductor
devices. Summarize basics of magnetism and superconductivity. Explore few of their
technological applications. Comprehend use of concepts of physics for Non Destructive Testing. Learn some
properties of nano-materials and their application.
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Wave Optics Interference
Introduction to electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic spectrum Interference in thin film of uniform thickness (with derivation) Interference in thin film wedge shape (qualitative) Applications of interference: testing optical flatness, anti-reflection coating Diffraction
Diffraction of light Diffraction at a single slit, conditions for principal maxima and minima, diffraction
pattern Diffraction grating, conditions for principal maxima and minima starting from resultant
amplitude equations, diffraction pattern Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution, resolving power of telescope and grating Polarization Polarization of light, Malus law Double refraction, Huygen’s theory of double refraction
Applications of polarization: LCD
Laser and Optic Fibre Laser
Basics of laser and its mechanism, characteristics of laser Semiconductor laser: Single Hetro-junction laser Gas laser: CO2 laser Applications of lasers: Holography, IT, industrial, medical Optic Fiber
Introduction, parameters: Acceptance Angle, Acceptance Cone, Numerical Aperture Types of optical fiber- step index and graded index Attenuation and reasons for losses in optic fibers (qualitative) Communication system: basic building blocks Advantages of optical fiber communication over conventional methods.
Quantum Mechanics
De-Broglie hypothesis Concept of phase velocity and group velocity (qualitative) Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Wave-function and its physical significance Schrodinger’s equations: time independent and time dependent Application of Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation Particle enclosed in
infinitely deep potential well (Particle in RigidBox) Particle in Finite potential well (Particle in Non Rigid box) (qualitative) Tunneling effect, Tunneling effect examples (principle only): Alpha Decay, Scanning
Tunneling Microscope, Tunnel diode Introduction to quantum computing
Semiconductor Physics
Free electron theory (Qualitative) Opening of band gap due to internal electron diffraction due to lattice Band theory of
solids Effective mass of electron Density of states Fermi Dirac distribution function Conductivity of conductors and semiconductors Position of Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (with derivations based
on carrier concentration) Working of PN junction on the basis of band diagram Expression for barrier potential (derivation) Ideal diode equation Applications of PN junction diode: Solar cell (basic principle with band diagram) IV
Characteristics and Parameters, ways of improving efficiency of solar cell Hall effect: Derivation for Hall voltage, Hall coefficient, applications of Hall effect
Magnetism and Superconductivity Magnetism
Origin of magnetism Classification of magnetism on the basis of permeability (qualitative) Applications of magnetic devices: transformer cores, magnetic storage, magneto-optical
recording Superconductivity
Introduction to superconductivity; Properties of superconductors: zero electrical resistance, critical magnetic field, persistent current, Meissner effect Type I and Type II superconductors Low and high temperature superconductors (introduction and qualitative) AC/DC Josephson effect; SQUID: basic construction and principle of working;
Applications of SQUID Applications of superconductors
Non Destructive Testing and Nanotechnology Non Destructive Testing
Classification of Non-destructive testing methods Principles of physics in Non-destructive Testing Advantages of Non-destructive testing methods Acoustic Emission Testing Ultrasonic (thickness measurement, flaw detection) Radiography testing Nanotechnology
Introduction to nanotechnology Quantum confinement and surface to volume ratio Properties of nanoparticles: optical, electrical, mechanical Applications of nanoparticles: Medical (targeted drug delivery), electronics, space and defense,
automobile
Labs and Practicals
Practicals
Suggested List of Laboratory Experiments (Any eight):
Experiment based on Newton’s rings (determination of wavelength of monochromatic light,
determine radius of curvature of plano-convex lens) To determine position of diffraction minima by studying diffraction at a single slit To determine unknown wavelength by using plane diffraction grating To find out Resolving power of Diffraction Grating/Telescope To verify Malus Law Any experiment based on Double Refraction (Determination of refractive indices, identification
of types of crystal) Any Experiment based on Laser (Thickness of wire, determination of number of lines on grating
surface) An experiment based on optic fibers To study IV characteristics of Solar Cell and determine parameters (fill factor and efficiency) To determine band gap of given semiconductor To determine Hall coefficient and charge carrier density Temperature dependence characteristics of semiconductor laser To find out Magnetic susceptibility of given material Ultrasonic Interferometer: Determination of velocity of ultrasonic waves in given liquid and find
its compressibility Suggested Demonstration Experiments:
Michelson interferometer Half shade Polarimeter Determination of absorption coefficient of sound of given material Temperature dependence Brewster’s law Measurement of sound pressure level
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